Exploring attributional and coping strategies in competitive injured athletes: a qualitative approach.

Introduction: This study explores the attributions and coping strategies of athletes who experienced psychological impact from sport injuries or illness from a qualitative methodology. Purpose: To understand athletes' unique perspectives on injury and recovery, framed in the Global Model of Sport Injuries, and contribute to the development of effective interventions and support programs for athletes. Methods: A qualitative research approach was employed, conducting semi-structured interviews with an ad hoc sample of 16 athletes, representing diverse backgrounds and competitive levels. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using NVivo software, identifying themes and codes related to attributions and coping strategies. Results: Athletes attributed their sport injury mostly to bad luck, routine deviations, and negative mental states, while coping strategies used included cognitive restructuring, emotional calming, seeking social support, mental withdrawal, and behavioral risk. Factors such as training deviations, social support, psychological responses, and injury diagnosis seems to have influenced the coping strategies employed. Conclusions: Sport injuries and illnesses significantly impact athletes' careers and wellbeing. Support and effective communication from coaching staff and healthcare professionals were identified as crucial for athletes' wellbeing. These findings contribute to understanding the psychological processes and experiences involved in sport injury recovery and highlight key elements for prevention and intervention protocols. Future research should explore communication patterns in sports contexts and assess attributions and coping strategies at different stages of injury recovery.

Psychological readiness to return to sports practice and risk of recurrence: Case studies.

Returning to sport after the sports injury is a difficult decision because it's multicausal and the fact that a rash decision can result in numerous negative consequences. Given the importance of psychological variables for the correct rehabilitation of the injured athlete and his or her optimal return to sports practice, there seems to be little information on this subject. In this sense, the objective is to determine the relationship between the subjective psychological disposition of the athlete in the process of Return to Play (RTP) with the type of mood profile and his mental health. This is based on the fact that each athlete evaluates his or her recovery differently and has different levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. For this purpose, four athletes participated in the study. Two males and two females from the sports of indoor soccer and soccer, who had just returned to sports after a moderate or severe injury. The average age was 24.25 years. Various measurements were taken after practices and after matches, to assess mood, psychological readiness, anxiety, stress, and depression. The results confirm Morgan's iceberg profile and the influence that subjective psychological perceptions and assessed emotional states have on athletes' incorporation into their sports practice with a guarantee of success.

Is resilience learned through the frustration of the BPN? An empirical study about its role in the acquisition of positive lifestyles and academic outcomes framed in SDT.

Based on Self-Determination Theory (SDT), this research shows once again the importance of the teaching role in fostering adaptive behaviors in students. As mediators of the model are the Basic Psychological Needs (BPN) and resilience. To date, although the inclusion of a fourth BPN, called novelty, had been proposed, it had not previously been used as part of the BPN measure of satisfaction or frustration. For its part, resilience had proven its relationship in isolation with the different constructs studied here, but had never been part of an explanatory model. The main objective of this study was to perform a structural equation model based on SDT to analyze the predictive capacity of the autonomy-supportive teaching style as a trigger of BPN frustration (including novelty), its relationship with resilience, and, finally, its relationship with adaptive outcomes such as intention to be physically active, maintain a healthy diet, and academic performance. A total of 2856 subjects participated (1514 boys and 1342 girls), with a mean age of 14.31 (SD = 1.91). Different SEM were tested, with the one that included novelty as the fourth BPN and resilience as a coadjutant construct of the explanatory model based on SDT offering better adjustment indexes. Fostering a climate supportive of autonomy will favor the satisfaction of the BPNs and therefore resilient behaviors in students, which are related to positive consequences such as those studied in this research. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-03496-y.

Can we speak of a negative psychological tetrad in sports? A probabilistic Bayesian study on competitive sailing.

INTRODUCTION: Researchers display an interest in studying aspects like the mental health of high-performance athletes; the dark side of sport, or the earliest attempts to study the so-called dark triad of personality in both initiation and high-performance athletes. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to determine the possible existence and magnitude of negative psychological aspects within a population of competition sailors and from a probabilistic point of view, using Bayesian Network analysis. METHODS: The study was carried out on 235 semi-professional sailors of the 49er Class, aged between 16 and 52 years (M = 24.66; SD = 8.03). RESULTS: The results show the existence of a Negative Tetrad-formed by achievement burnout, anxiety due to concentration disruption, amotivation and importance given to error-as a probabilistic product of the psychological variables studied: motivation, anxiety, burnout and fear of error. CONCLUSION: These results, supported by Bayesian networks, show holistically the influence of the social context on the psychological and emotional well-being of the athlete during competition at sea.

It Is Not Just Stress: A Bayesian Approach to the Shape of the Negative Psychological Features Associated with Sport Injuries.

The main objective of this study is to extend the stress and injury model of Andersen and Williams to other "negative" psychological variables, such as anxiety and depression, encompassed in the conceptual model of Olmedilla and García-Mas. The relationship is studied of this psychological macro-variable with two other variables related to sports injuries: the search for social support and the search for connections between risk and the environment of athletes. A combination of classic methods and probabilistic approaches through Bayesian networks is used. The study samples comprised 455 traditional and indoor football players (323 male and 132 female) of an average age of 21.66 years (±4.46). An ad hoc questionnaire was used for the corresponding sociodemographic data and data relating to injuries. The variables measured were the emotional states of: stress, depression and anxiety, the attitude towards risk-taking in different areas, and the evaluation of the perception of social support. The results indicate that the probabilistic analysis conducted gives a boost to the classic model focused on stress, as well as the conceptual planning derived from the Global Model of Sports Injuries (GMSI), supporting the possibility of extending the stress model to other variables, such as anxiety and depression ("negative" triad).

Programas de intervención psicológica en procesos de rehabilitación de lesiones deportivas / Psychological programs in sport injury rehabilitation

Introducción: El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo revisar las publicaciones respecto de las intervenciones psicológicas aplicadas en los procesos de rehabilitación de deportistas lesionados hasta el año 2020. Material y método: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en la base de datos electrónica Web of Science (WoS) de acuerdo con las líneas de recomendación para revisiones sistemáticas y meta-análisis de la guía PRISMA. Para ello, se utilizaron los términos de búsqueda sport injur*, psycho* y rehabilitation. Los criterios de inclusión utilizados fueron: 1) tener como objeto de estudio la medición de variables psicológicas durante la fase de rehabilitación de una lesión deportiva; 2) ser de carácter empírico y; 3) la aplicación de un programa de entrenamiento psicológico como parte del tratamiento en la rehabilitación de la lesión deportiva. Resultados: Tras aplicar las estrategias de búsqueda, se obtuvieron un total de 394 artículos, de los cuales tras eliminar los que no cumplían los criterios de exclusión se redujeron a 15 artículos. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran que los programas de intervención psicológica más utilizados en la rehabilitación de deportistas lesionados han sido la relajación, la visualización, el establecimiento de objetivos y el Mindfulness. Por su parte, las variables psicológicas más estudiadas fueron el dolor, la adherencia a la rehabilitación y la autoeficacia. Finalmente, la aplicación de intervención psicológica en el proceso de rehabilitación del deportista lesionado se mostró eficaz, para el objetivo que perseguía, en 13 de los 15 trabajos objeto de estudio.(AU)

Introduction: This paper aims to review the publications regarding the psychological interventions applied in the rehabili­tation processes of injured athletes until 2020. Material and method: A datasearch were conducted in Web of Science (WoS) databases according to the recommenda­tions and criteria established in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement guidelines. To do this, the search terms sport injur*, psycho* and rehabilitation were used. The inclusion criteria used were: 1) to have as an object of study the measurement of psychological variables during the rehabilitation phase of a sports injury; 2) be empirical in nature and; 3) the application of a psychological training program as part of the treatment in the rehabilitation of the sports injury. Results: After applying the search strategies, a total of 394 articles were obtained, of which after eliminating those that did not meet the exclusion criteria were reduced to 15 articles. Conclusions: The results show that the most used psychological intervention programs in the rehabilitation of injured athle­tes have been relaxation, guided imagery, goal-setting and mindfulness. On the other hand, the most studied psychological variables were pain, adherence to rehabilitation and self-efficacy. Finally, the application of psychological intervention in the rehabilitation process of the injured athlete was effective, for the objective pursued, in 13 of the 15 works under study.(AU)

The Quantity and Quality of Anxiety Are Mediating Variables between Motivation, Burnout and Fear of Failing in Sport.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect mediated by self-determined motivation on an athlete's burnout, anxiety and fear of failure. To this end, the sample group consisting of 235 semi-professional yachtsmen and women was asked to answer four questionnaires which set out to assess each of the study's variables: Behavioural Regulation in Sport Questionnaire, Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory, Sport Anxiety Scale-2 and Athlete Burnout Questionnaire. The ex-post facto research was designed to analyse a single group based on structural equation modelling (SEM) between the constructs under analysis. The results illustrate that behavioural regulation could be used to positively predict burnout and fear of failure mediated by sport anxiety. Moreover, behavioural regulation has a significant, positive and moderate bearing on burnout and is wholly mediated by sport anxiety. It concludes by underscoring the point that there is no relationship either between behavioural regulation and burnout or between behavioural regulation and fear of failure, unless the athlete in question experiences anxiety.

Adaptation and Validation of the Eudaimonic Well-Being Questionnaire to the Spanish Sport Context.

Studies to date that have focused on the well-being of the athlete have been based on the hedonic point of view. However, there is a second point of view: eudemonia. Therefore, the present study aims to validate and adapt the Eudemonic Well-Being Scale to the sport context. The study involved 2487 from several sport clubs. Several confirmatory factor analyses were carried out and showed that the six-factor questionnaire was the one with the best fit indices. These results show that the scale is in relation to the original scale (from Spain) and to Waterman's theoretical model.

Relación entre ansiedad competitiva y cooperación deportiva en equipos de vela de competición / Relationship between Competitive Anxiety and Sporting Cooperation on Competition Sailing Teams / Relação entre ansiedade competitiva e cooperação esportiva de vela de competição

Resumen Objetivo. Analizar la relación entre la ansiedad competitiva y la cooperación deportiva en regatistas de competición de las Islas Baleares (España). Método. Se contó con una muestra de 46 regatistas de las Islas Baleares (Medad = 31.9 años; DTedad = 16.32), de diferentes niveles. Se aplicó el cuestionario Sport Anxiety Scale para la medida de la ansiedad competitiva y el Cuestionario de Cooperación Deportiva para el estudio de la cooperación. Se recogieron los datos de forma telemática y con ellos se llevó a cabo un análisis descriptivo y correlacional. Resultados. El análisis estadístico mostró correlaciones positivas y significativas, con el estadístico Pearson, entre la disposición de cooperación condicionada y todos los componentes de la variable ansiedad (Somática = 0.47, Preocupación = 0.51, Desconcentración = 0.52 y Global = 0.59). También se encontró una correlación positiva entre la ansiedad global y los componentes cognitivos de la misma, especialmente en la ansiedad por preocupación (Preocupación = 0.91 y Desconcentración = 0.84). Conclusión. El principal hallazgo del estudio fue la correlación significativa y positiva entre la cooperación condicionada y todos los componentes de la ansiedad competitiva.

Abstract Objective. This study analyses the connection between competitive anxiety and sporting cooperation of racing sailors from the Balearic Islands (Spain). We used a sample of 46 sailors from the Balearic Islands (Mage = 31.9; SDage = 16.32), from different levels. Method. The Sport Anxiety Scale (Smith, Smoll, & Schutz, 1990) questionnaire was used to measure the competitive anxiety and the "Cuestionariode Cooperación Deportiva" (Sporting Cooperation Questionnaire) (García-Mas et al., 2006) was applied to study cooperation. The data was collected electronically, and a descriptive and correlational analysis was carried out with them. Results. The statistical analysis showed positive and significant correlations between conditioned cooperation willingness and all components of the anxiety variable (Somatic = 0.47, Worry = 0.51, Distraction = 0.52 y Global = 0.59). A positive correlation was also found between global anxiety and its cognitive components, particularly in the worry anxiety (W = 0.91 y D = 0.84). Conclusion. The main finding of this study was the significant and positive correlation between the conditioned cooperation and all components of the competitive anxiety.

Resumo Escopo. Analisar a relação entre a ansiedade competitiva e a cooperação esportiva em tripulantes de regata das ilhas Baleares (Espanha). Metodologia. O estudo contou com uma amostra de 46 tripulantes de regata das ilhas Baleares (Midade = 31.9 anos; DTedad = 16.32) de diferentes níveis. Foi aplicado o questionário Sport Anxiety Scale para a medida da ansiedade competitiva e o Questionário de Cooperação Esportiva para o estudo da cooperação. Foram colhidos os dados de forma telemática e com eles foi feita uma análise descritiva correlacional. Resultados. A análise estatística mostrou correlações positivas e significativas, com o estatístico Pearson, entre a disposição de cooperação condicionada e todos os componentes da variável ansiedade (Somática = 0.47, Preocupação = 0.51, Desconcentração = 0.52 y Global = 0.59). Também foi achada uma correlação positiva entre a ansiedade global e os seus componentes cognitivos, especialmente na ansiedade por preocupação (Preocupação =0.91 e desconcentração = 0.84). Conclusão. O principal descobrimento do estudo foi a correlação significativa e positiva entre a cooperação condicionada e todos os componentes da ansiedade competitiva.

Systematic Observation of the Verbal Behavior of Families of Youth Athletes in Grassroots and Team Sports.

Some of the more protective and favorable factors for the development and health in children and teenagers are family and sport, so family involvement in the children's sports activities is vital in their sports process. The purpose of this study was to analyze the verbal behavior (positive, negative, and neutral comments) of family spectators of school-age athletes regarding sociodemographic and sporting variables. The sample consisted of 190 family spectators of 215 male and female (Mage = 11.66; SD = 1.60) football, basketball, and volleyball players. The Parents' Observation Instrument at Sport Events (POISE) was used for the observation and LINCE was used to codify the verbal comments made. After registering 38,829 comments, the results showed statistically significant differences in relation to the comments made and the gender of athletes, geographical area, kind of sport, and the sporting category. The findings highlight that in a competitive environment, the comments made by spectators related to athletes do not seem to be initiators of potentially violent situations but rather are dependent on the atmosphere in question. Further research is required in this area to foster positive conduct relating to grassroots sports.

New paradigm in modern sports psychology / Nuevo paradigma en la psicología del deporte moderno

The article is a critical review of the main stages of the development of sports psychology in Russia and the rationale for new ways, new approaches for the psychological support of athletes. Also in this article a new paradigm of sports psychol¬ogy is proposed. The essence of this approach consists in the transition from the process of correction and regulation of the athlete's mental states to the formation of psychological entities that can provide a state of confidence and stability in the process of the athlete's performance in competitions. In this regard, the key tasks of sports psychology should be the study of the possibility of forming the basic personal attitudes and characteristics of the athletes at each stage of the sports career, which include viability, initiative, confidence, self-control, self-regulation. In addition, the important direction of work should be the creation and development psychological techniques that deter¬mine the formation of basic attitudes and personal characteristics of the athlete, the definition of the role and place of the coach, psychologist, as well as of the athlete himself in the formation of the subject of sports activities. The article notes that the new paradigm of the development of sports psychology does not exclude the existing approaches in sports psychology, but on the contrary relies on its achievements

El artículo es una revisión crítica de las principales etapas del desarrollo de la psicología del deporte en Rusia y la justificación de nuevas formas, nuevos enfoques para el apoyo psicológico de los atletas. También en este artículo se propone un nuevo paradigma de psicología del deporte. La esencia de este enfoque consiste en la transición del proceso de corrección y regulación de los estados mentales del atleta a la formación de entidades psicológicas que pueden proporcionar un estado de confianza y estabilidad en el proceso del desempeño del atleta en las competiciones. En este sentido, las tareas clave de la psicología del deporte deberían ser el estudio de la posibilidad de formar las actitudes y características personales básicas de los atletas en cada etapa de la carrera deportiva, que incluyen viabilidad, iniciativa, confianza, autocontrol, autocontrol regulación. Además, la dirección importante del trabajo debe ser la creación y el desarrollo de técnicas psicológicas que determinen la formación de actitudes básicas y características personales del atleta, la definición del papel y el lugar del entrenador, psicólogo, así como del propio atleta. en la formación del tema de actividades deportivas. El artículo señala que el nuevo paradigma del desarrollo de la psicología del deporte no excluye los enfoques existentes en la psicología del deporte, sino que, por el contrario, se basa en sus logros

Adapting the Sport Commitment Questionnaire-2 for Spanish Usage.

This study translated, adapted, and validated the Sport Commitment Questionnaire-2 (SCQ-2) for the Spanish language and cultural context. We utilized a cross-sectional design with 747 athlete participants (436 males, 311 females), ranging in age from 11-24 years ( M = 16.04; SD = 2.57). Participants were involved in a variety of individual and team sports and were from various autonomous regions of Spain. Participants completed the Spanish-language version of the SCQ-2 developed for this study. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated acceptable fit of the proposed factor structure and gender invariance for the new Spanish language scale. Test subscales were internally consistent, and the Spanish language version of the SCQ-2 was found to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the level of sport commitment in young athletes in the Spanish cultural context.

Programa de intervención basada en el coaching en jóvenes deportistas de alto rendimiento, y su relación con la percepción de bienestar y salud psicológica / Programa intervenção baseada no coaching no desempenho atletas jovens, e sua relação com a percepção de bem-estar ea saúde psicológica / Intervention program based on coaching in young high performance athletes and their relationship with the perception of well-being and psychological health

El objetivo de este trabajo es el de estudiar el efecto de un programa de coaching sobre la percepción de la salud general y emocional (medido con el GHQ-12; Sánchez-López y Dresch, 2008) y el bienestar psicológico (medido con el EBP; Díaz et al., 2006) en un grupo de jóvenes atletas de alto rendimiento. Los resultados indican que el grupo experimental (n = 38), tras la realización del programa de coaching (con un promedio de 4 a 6 sesiones y 45 a 60 minutos por sesión), mejora su percepción de bienestar y salud psicológica. Estos cambios no se observan en el grupo control (n = 41). Se concluye que cuando una intervención en coaching aporta mejoras en la vida de la persona es posible que se favorezca su percepción de bienestar y salud psicológica (AU)

The aim of this work is to study the effect of a coaching program on the perception of general and emotional health (measured by the GHQ-12; Sánchez-López and Dresch, 2008) and the psychological well-being (measured using the EBP; Diaz et al, 2006) in a group of young elite athletes. The results indicate that the experimental group (n = 38), after completion of the coaching program (with an average of 4-6 sessions, and 45-60 minutes per session), improved their perception of well-being and psychological health. These changes are not observed in the control group (n = 41). We conclude that when a coaching intervention makes improvements in the life of the person is possible that the psychological well-being and the perception of his/her health are also enhanced (AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar o efeito de um programa de treinamento sobre a percepção da saúde geral e emocional (medida pelo GHQ-12; Sánchez-López e Dresch, 2008) e bem-estar psicológico (medido com EBP; Diaz et al, 2006) em um grupo de atletas jovens de alto desempenho .. Os resultados indicam que o grupo experimental (n = 38) após a conclusão do programa de treinamento (com uma média de quatro a seis sessões e 45 a 60 minutos por sessão), melhora a percepção de bem-estar e saúde psicológica. Estas mudanças não são observados no grupo de controlo (n = 41). Conclui-se que, quando uma intervenção de coaching traz melhorias na vida da pessoa é possível que a sua percepção de bem-estar e saúde psicológica é favorecido (AU)

Compromiso Deportivo a través del Clima Motivacional creado por madre, padre y entrenador en jóvenes futbolistas / Sport commitment via the motivational climate created by mother, father and coach in young football players / Compromisso desportivo através do clima motivacional criado pela mãe, pai e treinador em jovens futebolistas

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar la relación entre el compromiso deportivo y el clima motivacional percibido por jóvenes practicantes de fútbol, de su madre, padre y entrenador. Los participantes fueron 913 jugadores de fútbol entre 10 y 14 a.os (M: 12.2 DE: 1.3). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron las versiones en español del Motivational Climate Scale for Youth Sport (MCSYS), el Parents Initiated Motivational Questionnaire (PIMCQ-2) y el Sport Commitment Questionnaire -SCQe-. A partir de los resultados y análisis de correlación y regresión lineal, se puede apreciar la importancia que cumplen las madres, padres y entrenadores (de manera diferenciada) a la hora de generar compromiso deportivo y as. evitar abandono, por lo que es fundamental considerarlos e integrarlos en el trabajo práctico

This study aimed to identify the relationship between sport commitment and motivational climate perceived by young football players, their mother, father and coach. 913 football players aged 10 to 14 years (M: 12.2 SD: 1.3) took part. The instruments used were Spanish versions of the Motivational Climate Scale for Youth Sport (MCSYS), the Parents Initiated Motivational Questionnaire (PIMCQ-2) and the Sport Commitment Questionnaire (SCQ-e). From the results and correlation and linear regression analysis, we can see the importance of mothers, fathers and coaches (each in a different way) when generating sport commitment and, therefore, avoid drop-outs, so it is essential to consider and integrate them into practical work

O presente estudo teve como objectivo identificar a relação entre o compromisso desportivo e o clima motivacional percebido por jovenspraticantes de futebol, mãe, pai e treinador. Os participantes foram 913 jogadores de futebol com idades compreendidas entre os 10 e os 14 anos (M:12.2 DP: 1.3). Os instrumentos utilizados foram as versões espanholas do Motivational Climate Scale for Youth Sport(MCSYS), do Parents InitiatedMotivational Questionnaire(PIMCQ-2) e do Sport Commitment Questionnaire-SCQe-. A partir dos resultados e análises de correlação e regressãolinear, pode-se constatar a importância que têm as mães, pais e treinadores (de forma diferenciada) no que respeita ao desenvolvimento do compromissodesportivo e assim evitar o abandono, pelo que é fundamental considerá-los e integrá-los no trabalho aplicado

Acceptance of gamesmanship and cheating in young competitive athletes in relation to the motivational climate generated by parents and coaches.

The goal was to assess the relation between the acceptance of using gamesmanship and cheating in sports and the type of motivational climate created by coaches and parents. The sample consisted of 110 soccer, basketball, and handball players from the Balearic Islands competition (70 boys, 40 girls; M age = 14.7 yr., SD = 2.1, range 10-19). As for the motivational climate generated by coaches, task climate was negatively related to the acceptance of gamesmanship and cheating, but ego climate was related to higher acceptance. Motivational climate generated by parents was not related to acceptance of cheating or gamesmanship.

Análisis de la relación entre el estado de ánimo y las conductas de adherencia en deportistas lesionados / Analysis of the relationship between mood states and adherence behavior in injured athletes

El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la relación entre diferentes estados de ánimo (tensión, depresión, cólera, vigor y fatiga) y el nivel de adherencia al programa de rehabilitación de los deportistas lesionados. La muestra está formada por 5 deportistas federados en distintas disciplinas, de edades comprendidas entre los 17 y los 21 años, con lesiones moderadas o graves. Tanto los estados de ánimo como la adherencia a la rehabilitación se han evaluado de forma continuada durante 15 días. Los resultados indican que tensión, depresión y cólera muestran una evolución inversa respecto al nivel de adherencia en todos los momentos del proceso de recuperación; por el contrario, tanto vigor, como fatiga muestran una evolución paralela, de manera que cuanto mayor es el nivel de adherencia, mayores son las puntuaciones en vigor y fatiga. Se discute sobre la influencia de los estados de ánimo, asociados a la lesión, en las conductas de adherencia del deportista; parece que pueden frenar su proceso de recuperación, por lo que puede ser beneficioso intervenir sobre estos aspectos psicológicos durante el proceso de rehabilitación(AU)

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the relation-ship between different mood states (tension, depression, anger, vigor, and fatigue) in injured athletes and the athletes' level of adherence to a rehabilitation program. The sample consisted of five federated athletes of different sports between the ages of 17 and 21 years who suffered from moderate or serious injuries. Both the mood states and the rehabilitation adherence were evaluated continuously for 15 days. The results indicate that tension, depression, and anger progress inversely with regard to the level of adherence throughout the process of recuperation. On the other hand, vigor and fatigue demonstrate a parallel progression, such that when the level of adherence is greater, the vigor and fatigue cited by the athletes is also greater. The influence of mood states, associated with the injury, in the adherence behaviors of the athlete is discussed. It seems that they can slow the athletes' process of recuperation; therefore, it may be beneficial for intervention regarding these psychological aspects during the rehabilitation process (AU)

La influencia de padres y madres en el compromiso deportivo de futbolistas jóvenes / The influence of fathers and mothers on sport's commitment among young soccer players

The current study assessed the influence of parents' involvement on youth soccer players' commitment. 893 soccer players answered the Parental Involvement Sport Questionnaire - PISQ - (Lee & Maclean, 1997) and the Sport Commitment Questionnaire - SCQ - (Scanlan et al., 1993). The PISQ measures parents' directive behaviours, praise and understanding, as well as, active implication in the sport activity. The SCQ measures commitment and its predicting factors. Results show that praise and understanding of parents favours youth soccer players enjoyment and commitment, decreasing in this way the probability of drop-out.

En el presente estudio se ha evaluado la relación entre la actitud de los padres y madres y el compromiso deportivo de futbolistas cadetes. 893 jugadores de fútbol han contestado versiones españolas del Parental Involvement Sport Questionaire - PISQ - (Lee y Maclean, 1997) y el Sport Commitment Questionaire SCQ (Scanlan et al., 1993). El PISQ recoge los comportamientos directivos, el apoyo y comprensión, y la implicación activa de padres y madres en la actividad deportiva de los hijos. Por otro lado, el SCQ mide el compromiso de los futbolistas y los factores que lo predicen. Los resultados muestran que el apoyo y la comprensión de los padres favorecen el compromiso deportivo y la diversión de los futbolistas con lo que se disminuye la probabilidad del abandono deportivo.